Effect of hydrogen enrichment on performance,combustion, and emission of a methanol fueled SI engine

The study of potentially high rated alternative fuel (Methanol) for the IC engines is an exciting topic in the recent research advancement. However, the study of combination of methanol and hydrogen is considered to address both economic and environmental needs. Hydrogen with best combustion characteristics will compensate for the drawbacks of methanol as a fuel. In the present investigation hydrogen enrichment to methanol has shown a significant enhancement in performance and combustion; the overall emission has reduced substantially. The experiments for a different set of trials, including hydrogen enrichment ranging between 5% and 20% with 2.5% increment, the engine is operated with wide-open throttle (WOT) condition for different speeds. The increase in enrichment of hydrogen has shown a rise in BTE, BP, and a reduced BSEC value. The percentage increase in BTE is between 20 and 30%, and an increase in hydrogen beyond 12.5% would affect the volumetric efficiency, and thus performance declines after that. The exhaust emissions have a huge impact on hydrogen enrichment; CO, HC, and CO₂ emission are reduced by 30–40%; however, an increase in cylinder temperature due to rapid combustion slightly increases the NO_x emission. Thus hydrogen enriched methanol operating at higher compression ratio can improve the overall engine characteristics significantly.     

Effect of malting and roasting of chickpea on functional and nutritional qualities of its protein fractions

Chickpea is gaining importance as a sustainable plant-based protein source due to its high protein content and protein bioavailability. Malting and roasting, the traditional processing techniques, can be used to improve the protein quality of chickpea. The effect of two processing techniques on the water-soluble albumin fraction, salt-soluble globulin fraction, alcohol-soluble prolamin fraction, and alkali-soluble glutelin fraction was studied. Globulin content decreased from 45.85% to 37.08%, whereas the albumin fraction was found to increase from 4.16% to 7.08%, after 6 days of germination. It was observed that malting and roasting resulted in significant changes in the protein quality parameters and decrease in anti-nutritional factors. Tannin content reduced by 53.18% and 40.44%, and the trypsin inhibitor activity reduced by 14.91% and 34.59% after malting and roasting, respectively. The protein efficiency ratio, biological value, and nutritional index improved due to malting and roasting. The biological value of raw chickpea protein was found to be 74.97%, and it increased to 81.89% and 79.27% on malting and roasting, respectively, and protein digestibility values were also increased. Microstructural and diffraction patterns of chickpea flours were examined. Amino acid scores for infants and adults were calculated, and sulphur-containing amino acids were found to be the limiting amino acids in chickpea.     

A novel solution of deep learning for endoscopic ultrasound image segmentation: enhanced computer aided diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is one of the critical tumors that doctors do not suggest to get frequent endoscopy, so there is a need for a diagnosis system...     

Anthocyanin-rich fruit vinegar from Grewia and Cantaloupe fruit blends

Grewia is a tropical berry rich in anthocyanins and antioxidants but highly perishable in nature. In this study, desirable composite blend of overripe Grewia (Phalsa) berries and cantaloupe was sought for conversion to acetic acid. Composition of raw macerate, and the alcoholic and acetic ferments was analysed for sugars, alcohol and acetic acid. The primary alcohol yield varied significantly (5.75–99.44%) with blend composition. Vinegar from select blend attained 4.98% acidity with 138.57 mg mL⁻¹ of phenols and high anthocyanins retention (74.77%). Gompertz model was used to fit the growth curves of S. cerevisiae and A. aceti (R²> 0.92) during fermentation. Presence of ethyl acetate, iso-pentyl alcohols explained pleasant sweet fruity aroma of resulting vinegar. Thus, high quality functional red fruit vinegar can be obtained to prevent spoilage and utilise the functional potential of this delicate and nutritious berry.     

Impacts of slip and mass transpiration on Newtonian liquid flow over a porous stretching sheet

This article focuses on analytic solutions for Newtonian fluid flow with slip and mass transpiration on a porous stretching sheet using the differential transform method and Pade approximants of an exceptionally nonlinear differential equation. The impacts of different parameters including mass transpiration (suction/injection), Navier's slip, and Darcy number parameters on the velocity of the liquid and tangential stress are discussed. A comprehensive comparison of our results with the previous one in the literature is made, and the results showed good agreement. An investigation is conducted of a combination of magnetic liquids that are conceivably pertinent for wound medicines, skin repair, and astute coatings for natural gadgets. It is found that there is a decrease in the velocity profiles and the boundary layer thickness for the case of suction.     

国际绿色生态建筑评价方法介绍与分析

本文介绍了当今国际绿色生态建筑评价的一般内容与方法, 并分析了四个具有代表性的绿色生态建筑评价体系。     

An Experimental Determination of a Real Fire Performance of a Non-Load Bearing Glass Wall Assembly

A glass wall assembly was exposed to an intense real-scale compartment fire. The wall assembly consisted of four glass sections, two of which were fitted with tempered double-pane glass and the other two sections were fitted with tempered single-pane glass. At each glass section, temperatures were measured at the exposed face and the unexposed face. Total heat flux gauges were used to measure both the temporal variation of the energy incident on the glass wall and the transmitted energy rate detected through two of the glass sections. Visual and infrared cameras were used to image the unexposed face of each wall assembly during the fire exposure. Results of glass breakage and subsequent glass fall out were compared to studies in the literature for glass sections exposed to compartment fires. The behavior of the glass wall assembly under a fire load is presented.

Double aperture double-gate vertical high-electron-mobility transistor

In this paper, we propose a double aperture double-gate AlGaN/GaN vertical high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) to improve the device characteristics, such as the current and the ON resistance (\(\hbox {\textit{R}}_{\mathrm{ON}}\)). The proposed vertical HEMT results are compared to the conventional single aperture single-gate vertical HEMT of equal dimensions, and increased drain current and lower \(\hbox {\textit{R}}_{\mathrm{ON}}\) are shown. A comprehensive simulation study has also been carried out for the proposed device, to analyse the impact of thickness and doping concentration of aperture, drift region, and current blocking layer. In addition, the effect of different materials in current blocking layer on device characteristics is also studied. The obtained results and their effect on device characteristics have been thoroughly analysed and explained accordingly.     

Enhanced visible green and 1.5 μm radiative emission of Er~(3+) ions in Li_2O-PbO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3 glasses for photonic applications

A series of Er~(3+) ions doped lithium lead alumino borate(LiPbAlB) glasses were synthesized via melt quench method and their structural,physical and optical properties were studied.Judd-Ofelt theory in correlation with the emission and absorption profiles was performed for the measurement of various radiative parameters for different transitions of Er~(3+) doped glasses.The as-prepared glasses show deep green(550 nm) as well as NIR(1532 nm) emission at 380 and 980 nm excitation wavelengths,respectively.The intensity of emission spectra increases with Er~(3+) ions concentration up to 1.5 mol% and beyond quenching is observed.The Dexter theory applied to the emission profiles reveals the interaction between Er~(3+)ions as dipole-dipole in nature.CIE color coordinates are found to fall in the green region of the visible spectrum.It is observed that 1.5 mol% of Er~(3+) ions concentration is optimum to exhibit the maximum quantum efficiency,branching ratios,gain bandwidth,emission cross-section,gain crosssection and aptly suitable for visible and NIR photonic applications.     

Role of Microstructure and Temperature on the Tensile Fracture Behavior of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened 18Cr Ferritic Steel

The tensile fracture behavior of oxide dispersion strengthened 18Cr (ODS-18Cr) ferritic steels milled for varying times was studied along with the oxide-free 18Cr steel (NODS) at 25, 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C. At all the test temperatures, the strengths of ODS–18Cr steels increased and total elongation decreased with the duration of milling time. Oxide dispersed 18Cr steel with optimum milling exhibited enhanced yield strength of 156 pct at room temperature and 300 pct at 800 °C when compared to oxide-free 18Cr steel. The ductility values of ODS-18Cr steels are in the range 20 to 35 pct for a temperature range 25 to 800 °C, whereas NODS alloy exhibited higher ductility of 37 to 82 pct. The enhanced strength of ODS steels when compared to oxide-free steel is due to the development of ultrafine grained structure along with nanosized dispersion of complex oxide particles. While the pre-necking elongation decreased with increasing temperature and milling time, post-necking elongation showed no change with the test temperature. Fractographic examination of both ODS and NODS 18Cr steel fractured tensile samples, revealed that the failure was in ductile fracture mode with distinct neck and shear lip formation for all milling times and at all test temperatures. The fracture mechanism is in general followed the sequence; microvoid nucleation at second phase particles, void growth and coalescence. The quantified dimple sizes and numbers per unit area were found to be in linear relation with the size and number density of dispersoids. It is clearly evident that even nanosized dispersoids acted as sites for microvoid nucleation at larger strains and assisted in dimple rupture.